pronunciation
vowels
long a - like spa - e.g. lahm
short a - something between hut and hot. very short. e.g. Lamm
long e - like say - e.g. weg
short e - like bet - e.g. retter
i - like see - e.g. bieten
o - like so - e.g. moos
u - like too - e.g. muss

ü, ö and ä don't exist in english. it's kinda hard to explain how to pronounce them but i'll try!
ö - somewhat like burn - e.g. schön
ü - there's no word sounding similar to ü as far as i know- but it sounds a lot like the french word rue!

ei - like mine
au - like house
oi - like coin

ch - like hue or lock
s/ss/ß - like she
ng - like singer
qu - like quarter
kn - like knife